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Short articles and everyday conversations — Arabic fully vowelled, Japanese with furigana, English, Indonesian, and Chinese, each with a Thai gloss. Pick a language, pick a field, start reading.

25 articles · history · page 1 / 2

AR · article

الْكِتَابَةُ الْقَدِيمَةُ

Ancient Writing

An introduction to how ancient civilizations invented writing systems.

history · beginner
AR · article

الأَهْرَامَاتُ الْمِصْرِيَّةُ

The Egyptian Pyramids

A beginner look at why and how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids.

history · beginner
AR · article

طَرِيقُ الْحَرِيرِ

The Silk Road

How the ancient Silk Road connected civilizations through trade.

history · beginner
AR · article

الإِسْلَامُ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ

Islam in Medina

How the Prophet Muhammad established the first Muslim community in Medina.

history · beginner
AR · article

الصِّينُ الْقَدِيمَةُ وَالسُّورُ الْعَظِيمُ

Ancient China and the Great Wall

Why the Chinese built the Great Wall and what it meant for their civilization.

history · beginner
AR · article

الْحَضَارَةُ الرُّومَانِيَّةُ

Roman Civilization

A simple overview of the rise and achievements of the Roman Empire.

history · beginner
AR · article

اكْتِشَافُ أَمْرِيكَا

The Discovery of the Americas

How European explorers reached the Americas and changed world history.

history · beginner
AR · article

الزِّرَاعَةُ وَنَشْأَةُ الْمُدُنِ

Agriculture and the Rise of Cities

How the invention of farming led humans to build the first cities.

history · beginner
AR · article

الإِمْبِرَاطُورِيَّةُ الْفَارِسِيَّةُ

The Persian Empire

An overview of the vast Persian Empire and its role in ancient history.

history · beginner
AR · article

الدَّوْلَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّةُ وَعَصْرُ التَّرْجَمَةِ

The Abbasid State and the Age of Translation

How the Abbasid caliphate sponsored the translation of Greek and Persian knowledge into Arabic.

history · intermediate
AR · article

الْفَتْحُ الإِسْلَامِيُّ لِلأَنْدَلُسِ

The Islamic Conquest of Al-Andalus

How Muslim forces crossed into Iberia and established a flourishing civilization in Al-Andalus.

history · intermediate
AR · article

الْحُرُوبُ الصَّلِيبِيَّةُ وَصَلَاحُ الدِّينِ

The Crusades and Saladin

How Saladin united the Muslims and recaptured Jerusalem from the Crusaders.

history · intermediate
AR · article

الدَّوْلَةُ الْعُثْمَانِيَّةُ: النَّشْأَةُ وَالتَّوَسُّعُ

The Ottoman State: Foundation and Expansion

How the Ottoman state grew from a small principality into a major empire spanning three continents.

history · intermediate
AR · article

الثَّوْرَةُ الصِّنَاعِيَّةُ وَتَأْثِيرُهَا

The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact

How industrialization transformed societies and economies beginning in eighteenth-century Britain.

history · intermediate
AR · article

الإِمْبِرَاطُورِيَّةُ الْمَغُولِيَّةُ

The Mongol Empire

The rise of the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan and its impact on Eurasia.

history · intermediate
AR · article

رِحْلَةُ ابْنِ بَطُّوطَةَ

The Journey of Ibn Battuta

How the Moroccan scholar Ibn Battuta traveled across the known world in the fourteenth century.

history · intermediate
AR · article

مَدِينَةُ تِمْبُكْتُو وَالتَّعْلِيمُ الإِسْلَامِيُّ

Timbuktu and Islamic Learning

How Timbuktu became a major centre of Islamic scholarship in West Africa.

history · intermediate
AR · article

أُصُولُ الْخِلَافَةِ الإِسْلَامِيَّةِ وَتَطَوُّرُهَا

Origins and Evolution of the Islamic Caliphate

A scholarly examination of how the institution of the caliphate was established and transformed across Islamic history.

history · advanced
AR · article

تَطَوُّرُ عِلْمِ الْحَدِيثِ وَأَثَرُهُ فِي حِفْظِ التَّارِيخِ الإِسْلَامِيِّ

The Development of Hadith Scholarship and Its Role in Preserving Islamic History

How Muslim scholars developed rigorous methods for verifying hadith that also served as an early form of historical criticism.

history · advanced
AR · article

الدِّيوَانُ الْعُثْمَانِيُّ وَتَنْظِيمُ الدَّوْلَةِ

The Ottoman Divan and State Organization

How the Ottoman council of state (Divan-i Hümayun) functioned as the apex administrative body of the empire.

history · advanced
AR · article

ابْنُ خَلْدُونٍ وَفَلْسَفَةُ التَّارِيخِ

Ibn Khaldun and the Philosophy of History

How Ibn Khaldun developed the concept of asabiyya and a cyclical theory of civilizational rise and fall.

history · advanced
AR · article

الإِصْلَاحَاتُ التَّنْظِيمِيَّةُ الْعُثْمَانِيَّةُ وَأَزْمَةُ الْهُوِيَّةِ

Ottoman Tanzimat Reforms and the Identity Crisis

How the nineteenth-century Tanzimat reforms reshaped Ottoman society and provoked a profound debate over Islamic identity and modernity.

history · advanced
AR · article

حَرَكَةُ الإِصْلَاحِ الإِسْلَامِيِّ فِي الْقَرْنِ التَّاسِعَ عَشَرَ

The Islamic Reform Movement of the Nineteenth Century

How scholars like al-Afghani, Abduh, and al-Shawkani responded to colonial modernity by calling for a return to Islamic sources.

history · advanced
AR · article

نَظَامُ الأَوْقَافِ وَدَوْرُهُ فِي الاقْتِصَادِ الإِسْلَامِيِّ

The Waqf System and Its Role in the Islamic Economy

How the institution of the waqf financed education, infrastructure, and social welfare across Islamic civilization.

history · advanced