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25 articles · nature · page 1 / 2
Trees grow taller and wider each year by adding new layers of wood just beneath their bark.
Rain forms when water vapor in the atmosphere cools and collects into droplets heavy enough to fall.
The four seasons — spring, summer, autumn, and winter — occur because Earth tilts on its axis as it orbits the sun.
Rivers carry fresh water from mountains and hills to lakes and oceans, shaping the land along the way.
Feathers are remarkable structures that allow birds to fly, stay warm, and stay dry.
Clouds come in many shapes and heights, and each type gives clues about the weather to come.
Soil is not just dirt — it is a complex mixture of minerals, water, air, and billions of living organisms.
Deserts are dry but not empty — plants and animals there have remarkable adaptations for surviving with very little water.
Most ocean waves are created by wind blowing across the water's surface, transferring energy through the sea.
Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth, built slowly by tiny animals called coral polyps.
Each year, billions of animals undertake remarkable long-distance journeys to find food, warmth, or safe places to breed.
Volcanoes release heat and molten rock from inside Earth, building new land while posing hazards to nearby communities.
Forests absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, making them essential allies in regulating Earth's climate.
Tides are the regular rise and fall of sea level caused mainly by the gravitational pull of the Moon.
Caves form over thousands of years as slightly acidic groundwater slowly dissolves limestone, creating extraordinary underground landscapes.
Glaciers are vast masses of slow-moving ice that shape mountain landscapes and store a large fraction of Earth's fresh water.
Wetlands purify water, absorb floodwaters, and support remarkable wildlife, making them among the most productive ecosystems on Earth.
Biodiversity hotspots are regions of exceptional species richness and endemism that face severe threat from human activity.
Thawing permafrost releases ancient organic carbon as greenhouse gases, creating a potentially self-reinforcing warming cycle.
Bioluminescence — the biological production of light — is widespread in the deep ocean and serves diverse ecological functions.
Plants have evolved a wide array of mechanisms to disperse their seeds away from the parent plant, shaping the structure of ecosystems.
The deep ocean is divided into distinct vertical zones, each characterised by extreme conditions and highly specialised life forms.
Differences in atmospheric pressure drive the large-scale circulation of air that determines weather patterns across the globe.
Wildfires are natural disturbance agents that many ecosystems depend on for renewal, though altered fire regimes now pose novel ecological challenges.